Bacteria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bacteria - Essay Example They help the bacteria to move away from the chemicals that can harm them. They play a great role in increasing bacteria pathogenicity because they enable them to move to the targeted locations and to survive. For any infection to occur, the pathogenic bacteria have contacted the target tissues. All organism whether plants or animal deal with flagellated bacteria. The main locations of most flagellated bacteria are the mucosal areas. Pathogenic bacteria have flagella that help them in attacking and colonizing the mucosa. The flagella attack the mucosa through the production of the virulence and adhesion factors (Wassenaar, 2009). Flagella increase pathogenicity through motility. The glycocalyx and mucus obstruct the pathogens. As a result, the pathogens have to counterbalance the upward movement of mucus in the bronchial epithelia and the intestines through motility in order to achieve colonization. Chemotaxis and motility enables the bacteria to aim the mucosal tissues. For instance, the motility of the bacteria like helicobacter pylori and the pseudomonas aeruginosa are responsible for the stomach and the lung infections. Additionally, the motility of the Vibrio cholerae enhances the infection of the intestinal mucosa. The infection of the rabbit appendix by the S. enterica also relies on their motility. Consequently, flagella plays a great role in enhancing pathogenicity since motility makes it easier for pathogens to interact with the hosts (Winn & Koneman, 2006). The structure also contributes to the increase in pathogenity though adhesion. Flagella enable bacteria to occupy a certain niche by acting as adhesin. For instance, the flagella of the Clostridium difficile stick to cecal mucus in mice through adhesion. Cystic fibrosis also occurs when the bacteria called the P. aeruginosa sticks at the airway lumen through adhesion. The bacteria cause infection when the flagella bind it to the mucin Muc 1 which is found in the airway mucus. In addition, the

Crosstabulation analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crosstabulation analysis - Essay Example Furthermore, even in the heinous crime of murder same age range is mostly being arrested by the police. It might not be evident, but the availability of prohibited drugs and the usage of it by the youth plays a major role in their delinquent activities. In an attempt to discuss whether youth violence is associated in their use of drugs, this paper presents the concurrent findings of the said relationship. Specifically, this paper focuses on the question of the connection of the use of marijuana or hashish of their friends to the involvement of the respondents in gang fights. The researcher used the data collected in the 1995 National Survey of Adolescents in the United States with 1614 valid results. The survey asked the respondents the likelihood of their involvement to gang fights since their friends are using marijuana or hashish. On this paper, the frequency of use of the prohibited drugs is the independent variable, and the involvement of those who used it in the said delinquency is the dependent variable. The researcher will then establish if there is a connection between the two variables by evaluating the results of the survey and using statistical tools to support its claim. According to Blumstein (1995), â€Å"drug abuse is an important factor that has affected criminal activity.† Paul Goldstein (1985) reiterated the taxonomy of the drug-crime connection as made up of three components such as the â€Å"pharmacological/psychological consequences (drug itself causes criminal activity), economic-compulsive crimes (crimes committed by the user to support his habit), and systemic crimes (crimes committed as part of the regular means of doing business in the drug industry)†. On the cross tabulation table based on the 1995 survey, the data showed that 12.2% (197 of 1614) of the overall respondents have engaged in the gang fights accounted it to the use of