International Business Systems And Porter s Diamond Model

Porter’s Diamond Model provides companies with four reliant factors that fully depend on the state of each other to achieve success within a competitive environment. However, Curran (2001) claims that Porter’s Diamond Model does not fully explain a country’s competitive advantage since only two factors provide evidence of their competitive position. The used factors are company rivalry, strategy, and factor endowments. With reference to the competitive positions of countries within major economies, factor endowments comprising of land, capital, labor, advanced technology and materials as stated in Porter’s theory, a government is responsible for contributing toward a company’s physical infrastructure (Porter 1998). National Business Systems and Porter’s Diamond Model in major economies It is only through industrial effort that a firm can attain or maintain its competitive advantage. Correspondingly, a determined business system will focus on competitive advantage fundamentals such as the chief role of creativity and the scope of challenges and pressure. Such detail exposes the management of a business to perceived shortcuts to success, which are actually failures. The implementation of Porter’s Diamond attempts to provide research results with fewer costs and risks as well. Through appropriate leadership techniques suggested in the model, it is evident that the origin of competitive advantage is a firm’s management. Responsibilities involved are creating pressures forShow MoreRelatedPorters Theory of National Competitive Advantage1717 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Porters theory of national competitive advantage expands on basic international trade theory, which posits that nations can leverage certain advantages that they inherit to create advan tage for themselves on international markets. What Porter contends is that there are advanced factor endowments that nations can cultivate in order to give them competitive advantages in international trade. These advanced factor endowments are firm strategy, structure and rivalry; factor conditions;Read MoreDiscuss in Detail the Application of Professor Michael Potters Diamond Model in the Kenyan Vision 2030: Advantages and Implications1124 Words   |  5 PagesBibliography Alan M. Rugman and Alain Verbeke1993, [35(4)] How to Operationalize Porter’s Diamond of International Competitiveness; Thunderbird International Business Review (ISSN 1096-4762) Wiley United States Charles W.L. Hill 2008, International Business; McGraw Hill United States ISBN 0073381349 John D. Daniels, Lee H. Radebaugh and Daniel P. Sullivan 2006, International Business: Environments and Operations; Prentice Hall United States ISBN 0131869426 Michael E. Porter1990, Competitive AdvantagesRead MoreEssay about Michael Porter’s Theory1568 Words   |  7 Pagesadvantage is a better theory to be adopted by the international firms which want to select a better country for new entry. The dominance of Porter’s theory are its comprehensiveness, the dynamic Diamond theoretical system and analysis form both inductive and deductive sides. Meanwhile, it is at a disadvantage in its assumption. Thus, this essay will explore both sides of Porter’s theory. Porters model includes four key elements. The Diamond model is depicted as figure 1, where the four forces jointlyRead MoreEssay about Critically Discuss To What Extent Porte1400 Words   |  6 PagesPorter’s Diamond is a useful concept in explaining home and host location strategies of international business? Illustrate your answer with reference to at least two case companies. The main aim of International business is to build and sustain competitiveness for economic value creation in both domestic and overseas markets (Besanko et al. 2007). Internalization business theory however has a variety of models that can identify the environmental analysis of specific countries. These models are usedRead MoreHow Can A Company Measure Its Competitive Advantage?1561 Words   |  7 Pagesmarket the same products compared to the competitors at a lower cost through â€Å"price, or providing a higher quality through differentiation that costs more than the competitors product. In fact, companies that compete in the same industry and core business, such as Sony, Samsung, and Philips in the audiovisual industry, or Nike, adidas, and Puma in the clothing manufacturing industry, should understand the nature of the market and analyze the key factors that differentiate each one from the othersRead MoreHow Can A Company Measure Its Competitive Advantage?1561 Words   |  7 Pagesmarket the same products compared to the competitors at a lower cost through â€Å"price, or providing a higher quality through differentiation that costs more than the competitors product. 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Furthermore, it is imperativeRead MoreThe Impact Of International Business On The Domestic And Overseas Markets2110 Words   |  9 PagesThe importance of international business is to withstand and build competitions for the creation of economic value both in the domestic and overseas markets . however, international business has a variation of models that can be identify the environmental analysis of some countries. internationalizatioon of companies can be achieved by using these models to finf the right location overseas by taking the institutional, cultural fit and success opportunities into concern. These models also give an inRead MoreInternational Wto Theories Explain International Trade Patterns Essay3221 Words   |  13 Pages International economics Module Code: BME 0003 Student name: Lamin Jatta Student number: U1370065. Introduction International trade theories explain international trade patterns. Academics see trade as the interdependence of states through the exchange of capital, goods, and services. International trade has existed for thousands of years in the world. Its economic, political and social influence in the world has begun rise. However, new trade theories include Porter s diamond national competitiveRead MoreAlibaba Group : The Biggest E Commerce Company5180 Words   |  21 Pagesa Cinese E-commerce company which was founded in 1999. In the past 16 years, Alibaba gradually grew into the biggest E-commerce company in the world. According to the report of Alibaba (2015), by 2015 there are 350 million active buyers in Alibaba’ s platform which is 100 million higher than 2014. The gross merchandise volume of Alibaba is 2,444 billion Chinese Yuan. In 2013, the number was only 1,077 Chinese Yuan. It increased almost 250% in 2 years. Alibaba benefit by the huge growth of online

The enigma of infinity (preview) Free Essays

To understand certain qualities of infinite one has to fathom the notion of what intrinsic values we consider numbers. â€Å"A number isn’t a number† as stated by George Cantor, nineteenth century mathematician. Cantor developed what is known as Cantors Theory of Sets, which states as follows, â€Å"For comparing the magnitude of two different sets, the basic notion is that of equivalence. We will write a custom essay sample on The enigma of infinity (preview) or any similar topic only for you Order Now In other words elements A and B may be paired with one another in such a fashion that A only corresponds to B and vice versa. This applies to what we call numbers, which in fact only represent the value it holds, in other words number B isn’t itself abstract as it’s the representation of element A. Outside the realm of mathematics numbers represent something, and mathematics was created to short cut the way we describe element A. Because of this we can consider what follows: unless, To the average mind this will seem to be nothing but obvious, nevertheless It’s a difficult concept to understand. When furthering the Prima Facie, or face value that Is present we find that this indeed is a possible impossibility. Because numbers are Just representation of values and they themselves are not abstract, they can be manipulated to equal the indicated equation above, A=2 A=B, therefore 2=3 Because the elements are equivalent before the values holder are nonequivalent because elements come before their representation. However the contradictions begin to follow as to say I have A equals the number of Bananas I have in my right hand, B also equals the number of Bananas I have In my left hand. Therefore I have 3 Bananas in my left hand and 2 Bananas In my right hand, and according to premise en they are equal, however the potassium Is greater In my left hand evidently. My point Is numbers are what they seemed to be, for example In a sequence such as 2, 4, 10 The corresponding representation of each value above, In other words. Not because 1 equals 2 but because 1 represents the first value In the sequence. Now alluding to rational numbers and Infinity It Is rather Interesting that when established that numbers are representations of abstract objects, and themselves aren’t abstract then they cannot be Infinite, because nothing In universe Is Infinite. According to the 2nd law of thermodynamics, the universe Itself Isn’t Infinite. Many mathematicians Like to solve part or the paradox wealth Infinity by establishing It as to be an extra- ordinary number, however the problem Lies that despite It not being ordinary, Itself Is an extra-ordinary number consisting of pure ordinary subsets, It would be different If Infinity were a value consisting of other extraordinary values. The enigma of infinity (preview) By RichardZamarripa To the average mind this will seem to be nothing but obvious, nevertheless it’s a official concept to understand. When furthering the Prima Facie, or face value that is hand, B also equals the number of Bananas I have in my left hand. Therefore I have 3 Bananas in my left hand and 2 Bananas in my right hand, and according to premise one they are equal, however the potassium is greater in my left hand evidently. My point is numbers are what they seemed to be, for example in a sequence such as 2, The corresponding representation of each value above, in other words. Not because 1 equals 2 but because 1 represents the first value in the sequence. Now alluding to rational numbers and infinity it is rather interesting that themselves aren’t abstract then they cannot be infinite, because nothing in universe is infinite. According to the 2nd law of thermodynamics, the universe itself isn’t infinite. Many mathematicians like to solve part or the paradox within infinity by establishing it as to be an extra- ordinary number, however the problem lies that despite it not being ordinary, itself is an extra-ordinary number consisting of pure ordinary subsets, it would be different if infinity were a value consisting of other How to cite The enigma of infinity (preview), Papers

The Relationship Between Affect and Employee

Question: Give the literature review on the dimensions and antecedents of organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The review is to focus solely on refereed academic publication? Answer: Literature Review The thought of OCB has created a lot of consideration in today's exploration. As per (Podsakoff, 1997), this far reaching enthusiasm for OCB emerges from the way that OCB assumes a part in improved business productivity. Several researchers have conjectured that the strength of organizations is liable to be enhanced when representatives go well beyond the duty to help different workers to experience business targets (Organ, 1988). Subsequently, (Organ, 2005) portrays OCB as conduct that is discretionary, not straight or unmistakably recognized by an authority repay framework and that altogether energizes the powerful performing of an organization. As indicated by (Organ, 1988), OCBs are practices that representatives are not obviously adjusted for exhibiting nor punished for not displaying; and are practices for which workers don't get preparing to execute. As indicated by (Schnake, 1991), social best practices, for example, aiding new representatives to comprehend the inner-most det ails of the company, supporting collaborators complete their assignments, taking part gatherings and helping out to do things in undesirable of employment drugs are a percentage of the practices that can be connected with OCB. These non-customary practices are at work practices that are not normally taken by traditional employment clarifications (Moorman, 1991). By inspecting the suitable artistic works of OCB, inadequacy of assertion about the measure of the assembler is found. Among the distinctive sorts of citizenship, conduct that are being perceived by few researchers, there is applied cover between the builds; and seven average styles can be stated as follows (Ozturk, 2011): Self-development: According to (Podsakoff, 2000), it contains non-reflex practices that specialists show to improve their data, capacities and abilities. Sportsmanship: (Podsakoff, 2000) portrayed it as practices that support gainful personality set actually when things don't go their fitting way and are ready to bargain their individual enthusiasm at the cost of the perform group accomplishments. Also, Based on (Organ, 1990), sportsmanship is resolved as longing to acknowledge the unavoidable preoccupations and inconveniences of performing without pushing. Helping Behaviour: It uncovers eagerly aiding other people with job related issues or keeping away from the episode of such issues in office (Podsakoff, 2000). Individual initiative: Based on (Ozturk, 2011), it speaks to representatives' yearning to tune in methodology suitable conduct at a stage that goes past negligibly required and generally anticipated stage. Such practices comprise of non-reflex capacities of inventiveness and progression created to improve association's effectiveness, assisting to tackle additional commitments. It is much the same as "scruples" measuring of (Organ, 1988). Organizational compliance: According to (Podsakoff, 2000), Organizational congruity gets a man's approbation of the association's rules, rules and methods which results in an adhering to them, actually when nobody watches similarity. In addition, it is marked as general similarity by (Smith, 1983) and business consistence by (Graham, 1991). Organizational loyalty: This conduct ensures organizations against outside dangers. Further, specialists who are devoted to their organizations commit to business measures even under negative circumstances (Graham, 1991). Civic virtue: According to (Podsakoff, 2000), this measuring is taking into account (Graham, 1991) discussion of social citizenship, that symbolizes a trust to the company and it is demonstrated as they endeavour to join unquestionably in its administration, to search for its best interests even at an awesome individual expense. The clarifications of the portrayed OCB styles are delivered from different researches. Since the arrival of the expression OCB by (Bateman, 1983), researchers have perceived just about 30 separate sets of OCB. In addition, distinctive brands have been utilized to the extent of OCB; however the most suitable estimations were introduced by (Organ, 1988), which are as per the following: Sportsmanship: It is a longing to acknowledge the unavoidable preoccupations and inconveniences that result in an organization without focusing on and doing as such with a valuable personality set. It keeps up from focusing about needing to perform additional time to complete an endeavour, having a due date moved up, disappointing, however not hazardous perform circumstances or having one's ideas and suggestions won't. Conscientiousness: It is a configuration of going great past negligibly obliged part and procedure particulars. It takes on at perform starting and keep late; skip augmented; be speedy for meetings and arrangements. Civic virtue: This is a non - reflex commitment to, and help of business gimmicks of both an accomplished and open qualities. This visits alternatively accessible meetings, sheets, preparing sessions; watch organization dangers and opportunities; be displayed at organization financed open exercises. Altruism: These are non-reflex exercises that help another specialist in work-related issues. These assistance different representatives comprehend a product applications, or recognize data. Courtesy: It is the alternatively accessible establishment of creative and attentive practices that counteract work-related issues for others. It educates organization if one will be deferred or absent from work; educate collaborators before deciding to exercises that will affect them. OCB has been portrayed vital for the advancement, accomplishments, execution and execution of any organization (Murphy et al., 2002). A small examination has highlighted how OCB assumes a part in business execution, execution and helpful business results (Organ, 1989) (MacKenzie, 1993) (Podsakoff, 1994) (Walz, 1996) (Koys, 2001). (Podsakoff, 2000), portrayed seven systems that OCB assumes a part in business fabulous execution as takes after: Expanding associate or overseeing benefit; Discharging sources so they can be utilized for more successful purposes; Arranging activities inside and crosswise over perform bunches; Diminishing the need to commit constrained sources to just adjust capacities; Fortifying the associations' capacity to lure and keep up the best representatives; Expanding the parity of the business's execution; Empowering the organization to develop all the more effectively to environmental changes. Further, according to (Organ, 1994), synchronization of activities among group partners and between perform classes enhance when workers readily be introduce at and doubtlessly get included in perform gadget gatherings or cooperate with partners of their group or partners of different classifications to abstain from making perform related issue for different representatives. Moreover, interest and conservation of workers is a standout amongst the most vital human resource work in any company and that work has introduced a major assignment to HR executives in view of the relative absence of this sort of occupation candidates. Exploration consequently perceives a connection between specialist interest and protection to OCB (Chiboiwa, 2011). It is the disagreement of (N., 2005), that OCB builds the execution and execution of both specialists and the business. At lower stage, (Podsakoff, 1997) portray that OCB permits new labourers get to be compelling speedier and permits to circulate 'best hones' in organizations. On business stage, (Cooper, 2008) indicate that business exploration has uncovered that OCB is significantly important to client bolster top quality and deal execution and in addition execution classifieds. As it were, Scientists have analysed the repercussions of OCB at two levels, to be specific: Organizational level, and Individual level Taking into account the scientific categorization of (Organ, 1990), differentiated (OCB) into two wide gatherings as an OCB-individual (OCB-I) and OCB-Organization (OCB-O). Contingent upon (Ozturk, 2010), OCB-O is dead set as the practices that straight focal point the well-working of the organization all in all. Case in point, devoting extra exertion for business execution, for example, working extra hours is applied to OCB-O. Though, OCB-I is dead set as situated of practices that straight playing point people, however in the long run and inevitably advantage the organization. Along these lines, OCB-I in the long run sways business execution by its impact on other exercises. Accordingly, OCB-I is prescribed to be more important to collaborator relationship and the relationship among associates (Halbesleben, 2007). Various researches have concentrated on choosing pointers of OCB to have the ability to understand particular business structures that are in charge of the event of OCB. Contingent upon (Ebbekink, 2007), predecessors of OCB are those points of reference viewpoints that cause for the advancement of OCB. There are critical classifications of precursors of OCB that have been highlighted in examination of diverse specialists: Attributes of employee (i.e. conduct and manners), procedure characteristics, business peculiarities, and administration activities (Podsakoff, 2000). A few researchers focused on labourer conduct and propensities and trend-setter strength as predecessors of OCB (Motowildlo, 1994) (Neuman, 1998). Attributes of methodology and organization, nonetheless, were dissected generally in the literature at the point of options for administration (Podsakoff, 1994) (Wang, 2005). References Bateman, T. S. . O. D. W., 1983. Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affect and employee "citizenship". Academy of Management Journal, Volume 26, pp. 587-595. Chiboiwa, M. W. C. C. a. S. M. O., 2011. Evaluation of job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior: Case study of selected organizations in Zimbabwe. African journal of business management, 5(7), pp. 2910-2918. Cooper, C. L. B. J., 2008. The SAGE handbook of organizational behavior. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Ebbekink, l., 2007. Organizational citizenship behaviors, a fact in small organizations?, l.: s.n. Graham, J. W., 1991. An essay on organizational citizenship behavior. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, Volume 4, pp. 249-270. Halbesleben, J. R. B. . B. W. M., 2007. Emotional exhaustion and job performance: The mediating role of motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), pp. 93-106. Koys, D. J., 2001. The effects of employee satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior, and turnover on organizational effectiveness: A unit-level, longitudinal study. Personnel Psychology, Volume 54, pp. 101-114. MacKenzie, S. B. P. P. M. . F. R., 1993. The impact of organizational citizenship behavior on evaluations of salesperson performance. Journal of Marketing, Volume 57, pp. 70-80. Moorman, R. H., 1991. Relationship Between Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: Do Fairness Perceptions Influence Employee Citizenship. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(6), pp. 845-855. Motowildlo, S. J. . V. S. J., 1994. Evidence that task performance should be distinguished from contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, Volume 79, pp. 475-480. , B., 2005. The Relationship between Social Power and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Mediation Role of Procedural Justice, Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction in a context of private commercial bank in Bangladesh. J. Psychol., Volume 72, pp. 456-584. Neuman, G. . K. J., 1998. Organizational citizenship behaviors: Achievement orientation and personality. Journal of Business and Psychology, 13(2), pp. 263-279. Organ, D. W., 1988. Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. Organ, D. W., 1990. The motivational basis of organizational citizenship behavior. In: B. M. S. . L. Cummings, ed. Research in organizational behavior. Greenwich, CT.: JAI Press, pp. 43-47. Organ, D. W., 1994. Personality and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Management, Volume 20, pp. 465-478. Organ, D. W. a. K. M. A., 1989. Cognitive versus affective determinants of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, Volume 74, pp. 157-164. Organ, D. W. P. M. P. M. S. B., 2005. Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature, Antecedents and Consequences. London: Sage Publications. Ozturk, D., 2011. Workplace bullying: Its reflection upon organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior perceptions among public sector employees., l.: Middle East technical University. Ozturk, F., 2010. Determinants of organizational citizenship behavior among knowledge workers: The role of job characteristics, job satisfaction and organizational commitment, l.: Middle East Technical University. Podsakoff, P. M. . M. S. B., 1994. Organizational citizenship behavior and sales unit effectiveness. Journal of Marketing Research, Volume 31, pp. 351-363. Podsakoff, P. M. . M. S. B., 1997. Impact of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational performance: A review and suggestions for future research. Human Performance, Volume 133-151, p. 10. Podsakoff, P. M. M. S. B. P. J. B. . B. D. G., 2000. Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, Volume 26, pp. 513-563. Schnake, M., 1991. Organizational citizenship: A review, proposed model, and research agenda. Relat., Volume 44, pp. 735-759. Smith, C. A. O. D. W. N. J. P., 1983. Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, Volume 68, pp. 653-663. Walz, S. M. . N. B. P., 1996. Organizational citizenship behaviors and their effect on organizational effectiveness in limited-menu restaurants. l., Academy of Management. Wang, H. L. K. S. H. R. D. W. D. X. . C. Z. X., 2005. Leadermember exchange as a mediator of the relationship between transformational leadership and followers performance and organizational citizenship behavior. Academy of Management, 48(3), pp. 420-432.

Social Work and Charity Organization Society free essay sample

If you were a friendly visitor in a charity organization society, you would most likely access public funds for families in distress b. Act as a model of moral character believe that charity represented respectful support for families d. Not be concerned about investigations and scientific procedures 2. Which prominent Charity Organization Society leader wrote what is Social Casework? Jane Addams Mary Richmond Grace Abbott d. Sophias Befriending 3. Is an early pioneer in the Settlement House Movement. Harriet Bartlett Florence Hollies 4.The first Black settlement house in the Ignited States was founded by Jeanie Porter Barrett Luggage Burns Hop Sarah Ferdinand Mary Elise Church Terrible 5. Was a policy maker who was instrumental in drafting the Social Security Act of 1 935 Harry Hopkins Whitney Young Grace Coyly Eduardo Lineman 6. Who is well known for long-standing leadership in the Urban League? Sarah F-errands Lester Granger Frances Perkins 7. The phrase person in his situation was coined by 8. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Work and Charity Organization Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The asses was significant for social work because of the War on Poverty the New Deal the Charity Organization SocietyFreudian psychoanalysis 9. Delivered at the Baltimore Conference on Charities, Feelers 191 5 speech applauded the professional Status Of social work characterized social work as having a method common numerous fields of practice c. Recognized a specific aim for social work leading to a highly specialized education d. Generated activities so social work could meet the stated criteria of a profession.

What Is Chekhovs Gunâ€and 4 Simple Ways to Use It (With Examples!)

What Is Chekhovs Guns!) What Is Chekhov's Gun and How to Use It The term "Chekhov's Gun" refers to the words of the early 20th Century playwright and author Anton Chekhov: â€Å"If in Act One you have a pistol hanging on the wall, then it must fire in the last act.†It's a literary rule that authors, screenwriters, and storytellers everywhere know, but perhaps struggle to define. In this post, we’ll outline just what is â€Å"Chekhov’s Gun† and give you pointers on how to (and how not to) use it. What is Chekhov's Gun and how do you use it? Find tips and examples here! What is Chekhov’s Gun?Chekhov's Gun is a plot device that people often confuse with foreshadowing, so let’s quickly clear up how they differ:Chekhov’s Gun refers to the unspoken agreement that a writer won’t make â€Å"false promises† to a reader by introducing elements that are unexplained. In other words, if you draw attention to something, you will eventually need to reveal why it's worth noticing.Foreshadowing involves almost the opposite: the writer hints at something they only want the reader to kind of notice. The reader’s attention is not directly pointed to a specific element; the element is simply presented so that the reader is aware of it. To learn more about foreshadowing, go here for our in-depth take on the tactic. In Great Expectations, Magwitch is an example of Chekhov's Gun (image: BBC Films)The significance of Magwitch is merely brushed upon in these opening scenes, but readers are not immediately given the sense that he will play a crucial role in Pip’s life. Which, of course, turns out to be very untrue as it is later revealed that Magwitch is Pip’s secret benefactor - a major, albeit behind-the-scenes, influencer of Pip’s life and his â€Å"great expectations.†Why it works: The role of Magwitch is an effective use of Chekhov’s Gun because he is introduced to us an in an unusual and questionable way, which places significance on him. The mystery surrounding the circumstances of his conviction and his relationship to the second convict Pip encounters provokes us just enough to wonder what role this man might play in the story - and yet doesn’t place too much emphasis on him so that we’re expecting the grand reveal when it happens. Here are four ways to use Chekhov's Gun to take your writing to the next level. You don’t need to follow Chekhov’s Gun rule to a tee, circling back to every single detail in a story. This will surely exhaust your readers. Instead, think of Chekhov’s Gun as a reminder that you shouldn’t leave extraneous details scattered throughout your story - make your words count, and place significance on the details that matter to the story.Do you have examples of "fired guns" in your own writing? Or examples of novels that have subverted Chekhov's Gun rule? Do you have any further questions about the subject? Leave your thoughts for us in the comment box below!

Alternative Styles Of Creative Advertising Marketing Essay

Alternative Styles Of Creative Advertising Marketing Essay The purpose of this report was to create a creative campaign idea for GWS Motorsport to attract more audiences as well as to increase awareness of the company. Hence, an evaluation of creative strategies theory will apply to the campaign in order to support the raw ideas. The report will show all the achievable innovative approaches that may increase the effectiveness and efficiencies of the campaign. On top of that, one of the strategy approaches has been selected for the GWS Motorsport campaign as part of the creative strategy. This report also aims to give an understanding of the campaign objectives, appropriate strategy for the outcome, the messages that what is this campaign about to pass on and to create the characteristic for GWS Motorsport race team. Hence, a clutter of consumers requires a creative approach to segment them by using marketing mix strategy. As a result, positioning exist in the market to avoid tight competition in the same industry. (Chitty, 2005) 1.2. Scope While understanding GWS Personnel Motorsport, the team does not bring in any profit however they do exercised some business strategies to at least cover its costs because running a race team cost a lot of money. Therefore, the main revenue streams included sponsorship, driver leasing and for those potential revenue streams were from the hot laps, driver sessions/training, VIP tickets and guest appearances. (O’Donnel, n.d) 1.3. Method The information used in this report was gathered by using the sources from GWS Personnel Motorsport official website, GWS presentation power point slides, a series of email with the marketing consultant, Nik O’Donnell and the textbook. Therefore, the second edition of Integrated Marketing Communications textbook was one of the main references that provided the information of creative strategies theory that were applied to this report. 1.4. Company’s Background GWS Personnel Motorsport is a team that puts together by Allan Shephard a nd Peter O’Donnell and mainly sponsored by GWS Personnel itself. Additionally, GWS Personnel is a regional based recruitment company that was established in the early 90’s. There are other sponsors too such as the Shire Conveyancer, Spinifex Australia, and Evocities. Peter O’Donnell has always been passionate about motorsport racing which is the reason behind the team he formed. The GWS Personnel Motorsport as known as the Australian Manufacturers Champions formed a wide range of production cars such as the Europe and Japanese cars were used on the race track. (GWS Motorsport, 2011) 2. Findings 2.1. Creative Strategies Theory In this day and age, many business companies have implemented more creative strategies that use to draw consumer attention and provoke them to purchase a product or a service. As a general rule, these creative strategies are based on the targeted market demographic, psychographic, geographical and behavioral. Advertisers often use catchy ji ngles to capture consumer interest therefore such creative strategy may promote publicity and public relations with them. Based on Table A, the creative strategies are divided into three categories and they are the functional orientation, symbolic/experiential orientation, and category-dominance orientation.

Case about the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRG) Assignment

Case about the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRG) - Assignment Example The intention of this study is the ICRC as an international organization that has faced with major global challenges due to the fact that its workforce comes from different cultural backgrounds. The level of cultural change is very minimal and measures need to be taken to improve the situation. If well managed, global diversity can ensure that resources of ICRC are harnessed and transformed into very important asset for the organization. However, this cannot be realized in the absence of a change in the culture of the organization. HR functional practices need to transcend across all departments and be supported with a good culture that encompasses all the needs of its employees. The issues that affect ICRC have been in existence for quite some time now but effective measures have not been undertaken to ensure that they are tackled in the global perspective and the organization is still clouded with origin issues where the Swiss culture seems to play a deciding role in what happens w ithin the headquarters of the organization and without in other foreign missions. There is a general assumption in this study that achieving a global diversity through cultural change is possible if well managed. Certain limitations do exist such as resources to be applied in such a massive restructuring program to meet the objectives of the plan. The refining of specialist HR supported functions is very essential if ICRC has to realize its objectives and this will have to be done through a program which paves the way for a change in culture. Certain key factors for such an ambitious program have been outlined and analyzed. There are critical elements which need to be put into account to enable the organization achieve this course. Conclusion has been drawn putting in mind the key concepts or theories relevant to the subject and these have been related to the evidence as far as the facts are concerned. Recommendations made are in line with the program that has been discussed in the analysis. These recommendations are actually some of the crucial things that need to be done in order to realize the success of this plan. An implementation program has been set to outline the relevant action steps that could be followed in order to meet the target of refining the specialist HR supported functions

The topic can be proposed by the writer Assignment - 16

The topic can be proposed by the writer - Assignment Example As such, the business must always create appropriate share transfer restrictions (Mallor, 2013). By-laws are among the most appropriate forms of share transfer restrictions. The by-laws show and protect the interest of the company by postulating how the shareholders should trade their shares. At Stufft Farms, Inc. the laws state that shareholders must first offer his or her shares to the firm and shareholders. The principle of separation grants the corporation the freedom and ability to buy its shares since corporations are legal entities. When the other four offered their shares, the by-laws gave David Stufft the exclusive right to purchase the shares at the book value. David Stufft is a shareholder and, therefore, has the right to buy the shares at book value before any shareholder of the company offers to sell the shares to any third party. His interest to purchase the shares grants him exclusive right to purchase them and to do so at book

Vicarious Living Essay Example for Free

Vicarious Living Essay In Gabriel Garcia Marquezs book Chronicle of a Death Foretold our heroine is a young woman, one of many children in a poor family. Her name is Angela Vicario. Angelas last name is Vicario as in vicarious living it is clearly connotated in this passage to show its meaning of a representative, or not the real one. In this passage of the Chronicle of a Death Foretold Marquez very efficiently utilizes his writing skills and literary devices to present us Angelas thoughts. Angelas role in this stereotypical romance is that of an underprivileged woman who has found herself a husband, who is flashy and a wealthy outsider. Angela herself, however, resists this role until after she had been returned to the family. This resistance involves rejecting the refined marital relationship that everyone else seems to accept. Her mother is urging her to marry Bayardo San Roman for his wealth because love can be learned. This indicates a belief that one husband is as good as another and that money is what separates them. Angela finally accepts her role in this stereotypical romance along with its refined relationships. Her mother is right. Love can be learned. It is learned by Angela under the influence of rejection and the lash. She begins loving the man she rightfully hated. She starts writing hundreds of letters to try and convince him to return to her. The letters that Angela sends to Bayardo explore the notion of love letter. Whereas the function of love letters is traditionally to express emotion or convey longing, Bayardo does not value Angelas love letters for their content. By not opening any of the love letters, Bayardo shows that the repeated act of sending a love letter, rather than the love letters actual content, demonstrates the love that Angela feels for him. Love letters are often similar and interchangeable; their content is less persuasive to Bayardo than the fact that they continue to arrive. His attitude makes the love letters part of the ritual of love, and underscores his relationship with Angela as another ritual within the story. The readers realization that the marriage of the hero and the heroine will be founded on the quantities of stereotypes not the conversations. This removes the whole aspect of a happy ending. The sentence structure in this passage is very important and used very skilfully by Marquez. The narrator describes Angela writing her letters as though he is able to feel her raw emotions. He employs longer sentences when describing scenes of her writing her letters, and switches back to short sentences when describing her dismay. Marquez also uses many words twice in a row to emphasize the anxiousness of Angela in wait On Friday she gave it (letter) to the postmistress who came Friday However, when describing the day Bayardo had returned he only described it as halfway through one August day. This lack of information shows how little affection Angela feels for Bayardo. Also Angela weighs her love as more passionate than Bayardos. She was trying to put a value on her love. Her name is a very good metaphor which described this. Her name meaning not the real one represents how her love is not real. Also the use of literary devises gave the reader a more realistic view of the story. Marquez uses magic realism and depicts a world where Angela is convinced that she has slept with Bayardo and lost her virginity for the first time. She is unashamed to reveal this in her letter and talks about it with full feeling and passion. Marquez describes her feelings as very real and has exaggerated a few details. This gives this passage a sense of magic realism making the reader believe Angela. Marquezs use of imagery in the description of Bayardos return is very significant. He returns just as he had first met Angela. Nothing about him has changed, except for the obvious exterior. This implies to the reader that Bayardo that had not changed his way of thinking nor has his character or personality. The contrast Marquez provides between the past and present represents to the reader his love and passion for Angela. Moreover, Marquez also uses embroidery several times in this passage. Embroidery is connotated positively in this passage to symbolize an invisible thread that ties together both Angela and Bayardo. The letters are the invisible thread between the two. Angela reaches consciousness through a protracted process of letter writing. This is clearly the function of the letters, which are never opened by her Bayardo. As the letters progress they mature and grow with Angela. Each letter has a beautiful crescendo quality and each letter shows Angelas growth spiritually and mentally. This passage is not one of the major important passages in the story, since it does not give more information on the murder of Santiago; however, what this passage does provide is a key understanding of how Angelas mind works. She has been like a prisoner, just writing letters and just hoping to be free one day. Writing all those letters Angela comes out at the end as a liberated woman, individuated and separate. She achieves the emancipation through the magic of the letter.

How to Win Friends and Influence People by Dale Carnegie Essay

How to Win Friends and Influence People by Dale Carnegie Dale Carnegie's book How to Win Friends and Influence People gives several proven methods and examples on how to succeed in the business world. The book's chapters are comprised of how to handle people, how to be a successful leader, and how to win people to your way of thinking. The preface provides several ideas and suggestions that will help the reader get the most out of the book. The author suggests that the reader keep an open mind, and also suggest some other reading materials that will also help.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first chapter deals with how to handle people successfully. In this chapter it highlights one of the most important things you can do when dealing with people and their particular situation is to rationalize with them, meaning that to better understand were the person is coming from you must put yourself in their shoes. Every one can and will rationalize why they make the decisions they make. People like the infamous Al Capone never thought he was a bad person. He had rationalized the actions he took and the decisions he made. This is a good example to lead into the first principle, which is that no one should ever critize, complain, or condemn other people. Principe two suggests that you always give people or sincere appreciation. You shouldn?t sit and think about your own individual accomplishments and successes, but compliment others on their successes. The most important thing that others can give is their genuine appreciation. That is the key to getting w hat you want, threatening people by force or harsh words, but to get others to do what you want is to give them what they want; appreciation for their deeds. Principle three explains that most people do not care what you want. They care mostly for themselves and are not really interested in what you want. The key is to expose them on how what you want will also benefit them; it establishes eagerness and willingness in the other people. A good example of this is fishing, you don?t bait the hook with what you want to eat, you bait the hook with what the fish want. Again, thinking from the other side?s perspective.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second part of the book discusses ways on how to get people to like you. The first step is to become genuinely interested in them. People are more apt to like you if they feel admired by you. One must inst... ... rather than themselves making there own reputation. If you give a person a good reputation they will try their hardest to live up to the expectation and Dale suggest that they will very rarely let you down.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I choose this book for my report because for one I started reading it last year but until now never had finished it. The other reason is because through out all my classes in the recreation department I have always been told of the importance of making contacts along the way. This book is an excellent tool in dealing with how to make the very best first impression, especially when the encounter might only last a few seconds. In this industry everyone is tring to get a head often times their own way. The principles in this book give detailed examples of how to work together and win people over to the ideas you have. Perhaps more importantly these techniques allow you to get ahead as a team in a industry that is so competitive. The things I have learned in this book I have already found myself in situations where I am applying Dale?s concepts. This book will be an important tool in my life and everyone in every industry should do themselves a favor and read this boo k.

Dream and Reality in Chinese Literature Essay

Myths and legends had always been a part of early Chinese literature. With the integration of Buddhism and spirituality into the culture, more fables on fantasy, dream and reality, and even spirits and ghosts, were produced as evident in writings from the six dynasties that ensued. The two tales discussed in this paper were written during the Tang Dynasty and they belong to this category, more specifically, as narratives on dream and reality. How does this form of writing effectively present itself to capture the curiosity and attention of its readers? Was it an appropriate style used during its own era and is it still an effective method of story-telling in today’s modern age? And finally, if Buddhism or religion did play a part in influencing or affecting the writing themes of that particular age, where and how does spirituality come into view in the stories discussed in this paper? There are three relevant elements to consider in the dream and reality tale: (1) a vision of grandeur, (2) the illusion of time, and (3) the time-measuring device. This paper shall discuss these significant elements and how they were applied in these stories. Undeniably, the advent and eventual flourishing of arts and literature in the Chinese culture many ages ago has contributed to the over-all development and advancement of human civilization as we now know it. Main Body The Spendthrift and the Alchemist, written by Li Fuyan, is a story of a degenerate man, Du Zichun, who squanders his fortune repeatedly until he is overcome with misery and indignation because his shameful plight. With nothing to eat, he laments his fate accordingly but is continually given increasingly large amounts of money by a mysterious man. However, with money in his hands, his lavish lifestyle makes him forget his good resolutions in exchange for pleasures which always render him penniless. After he is given a huge amount of money for the third time, he thought in gratitude: ‘I have led a dissolute life and run through all my property, and none of my relatives has ever helped me. Now here is this old man who has given me money three times – how can I repay him? ’ So he said to the old man, ‘With this sum I can settle my worldly affairs, make provision for my poor relatives and fulfill all my obligations. I am deeply grateful to you. After my affairs are settled, I shall do whatever you tell me’. ‘That is what I wish,’ was the old man’s reply. (138) This man turns out to be a priest who tries to perform a ritual to immortalize Du Zichun, and it was apparent that his repeated offers of money was to educate Du on how to master and overcome desire for worldly pleasures, all of which were in preparation for the ritual he was intending to perform. The Governor of the Southern Tributary State, written by Li Gongzuo, is a tale about a man, Chunyu Fen, who believes that he has been given high statutory recognition in society, only to discover in the end that all the wealth and power he had unwittingly amassed was just a fantasy and a delusion, as illustrated in the tale’s concluding quatrain: His reputation reaches to the skies, His influence can make a kingdom fall, And yet this pomp and power, after all, Are but an ant-heap in the wise man’s eyes. (69) It is clear that the central theme of these two stories focuses on the futility of man’s worldly accumulation of wealth, recognition and authority. The frustrations and disappointments of Chunyu in his old life fuelled his desire to be a powerful and renowned ruler in his new-found territory. Likewise, Du’s repeated shameful failures in his self-indulgent life propelled him to try and do better. A Vision of Grandeur In this, the main character dreams that he undergoes a long series of experiences in which he ultimately attains a great amount of success after a certain amount of time. He may also undergo a succession of sufferings, or trials and tribulations until it eventually leads to his awakening. In the Governor of the Southern Tributary State, authority, influence and splendor are the essence of a dream by the central character, Chunyu, a frustrated military man and academic. One day, as he lay drunk, he was accompanied by two purple-clad messengers to the Kingdom of Ashendon where he married the king’s daughter and became governor of the Southern Tributary State. As he arrived at the province, all the citizens welcomed him at the gate with much fanfare. The officials of the province, the monks and priests, elders, musicians, attendants and guards had all come out in welcome. The streets were thronged, while drums and bells could be heard for miles around. Chunyu saw a goodly array of turrets and pavilions as he entered the great city gate, above which was inscribed in letters of gold: ‘The Southern Tributary State’. In front there were red windows and a large gate with a fine view into the distance. (64) He ruled well as a governor for twenty years and as a result, the people admired and honored him, erecting monuments and building temples in his name. Not only was he highly-successful in politics, at home he was happily-married and blessed with five sons and two daughters. Life was at its best until tragedy upon tragedy started to invade his life. First his army was defeated by a neighboring kingdom, followed by the untimely death of his wife, until finally he was falsely accused by an enemy in the palace, leading to the king’s hostility toward him. His glory days were over for he had lost all the material wealth and power he thought he had in previous years. Destitute, he fell into a deep moral depression until one day he was sent back to the former life he knew. Again he was escorted by the same purple-clad messengers who first took him to Ashendon. In a dilapidated carriage, they arrived at his former home. Upon seeing his other self still sleeping in the eastern part of the hall, he was terrified and woke up from his dream. He gave an account of his vivid dream to his two companions and they searched the hollow under the ash tree where he was taken. There they found a big hole large enough to hold a couch. Inside were gathered swarms of ants and heaps of earth forming towers and city walls. One ant hill had a small reddish tower where two huge ants lived. They were surrounded by scores of other big ants who prevented other ants from approaching. This was apparently the Ashendon that Chunyu narrated to his friends and the two huge ants were the king and queen. There was another smaller ant hill to its south and it had smaller towers, this was the Southern Tributary State. Chunyu tried to protect this hollow under the ash tree but that night there was a vicious storm and when he came back to the place the following morning, all the ants were gone. In the Spendthrift and the Alchemist, after Du Zichun was repeatedly given large sums of money over a period of years, he was brought to a huge mansion and was given three marble pills and a goblet of wine and instructed to sit on a tiger skin by the west wall, facing east. Before the priest disappeared, he was informed that all sorts of horrible illusions would come before him and that he should not utter a word no matter what he sees. And so it happened that his life was threatened by men and monsters, his body tortured, and his pleading wife murdered in front of him. He was killed and his soul was thrown in hell where the king of hell further tortured his soul. Then he was reborn as a woman, married and even bore a son. During all these experiences he was successful in not uttering a single word, as he was instructed by the priest. But when his little son was killed in front of him, his love for the child made him forget his promise and he uttered an exclamation of horror. At this he suddenly awoke with the mansion starting to burn. When the fire was quelled, the enraged priest told him that had he passed the test, Du Zichun would have become an immortal like him. Mastering joy, anger, sorrow, fear, hate and desire, he failed to overcome love. The Illusion of Time In this element, when the central character falls asleep, his dream seems to occupy a long period of time, but when he awakens, he finds that his sleep has lasted for only a short duration. In The Governor of the Southern Tributary State, Chunyu’s two friends laid him down in the eastern chamber because of his drunkenness, after which they fed the horses and washed their feet. When Chunyu suddenly awoke from his unusual dream, his friends had finished giving fodder to the horses and were still washing their feet but sunset had not yet arrived. He saw his servants sweeping the courtyard. His two guests were still washing their feet by the couch, the slanting sun had not yet set behind the west wall and his unfinished wine was still by the east window – but he had lived through a whole generation in his dream! Deeply moved, he could not help sighing. And when he called his two friends and told them, they were equally amazed. They went out to look for the hollow under the ash tree, and Chunyu, pointing to it, said, ‘This is where I went in the dream. ’ (67) The same happens in The Spendthrift and the Alchemist. When Du Zichun awakens, he finds that he has only been asleep from sunset till dawn, when in fact he has lived for decades in his dream. While the exclamation was still at Du’s lips, he found himself back on the seat in the hall, with the priest before him. It was dawn. Purple flames from the cauldron were shooting up through the roof to the sky, and fire was rising from all sides to burn the house to ashes. ‘Look at what you have done! You have spoilt my work, you silly fellow! ’ exclaimed the priest. Seizing him by the hair, he threw Du into a jar of water. Then the fire was extinguished. (143) The illusion of time presents an additional appeal to the stories, initially because everyone has experienced and questioned this type of illusion since it normally occurs in dreaming and waking cycles, thus making it more readable and interesting. It may also bring into the fore another question: is time itself an illusion? Or, in the paranormal plane of thought which is in harmony with the theme of the two stories: would time, as we know it, elapse in the same rate or pace as that in a paranormal plane or level of existence? Hence, contemplating on this concept: is there even a slim possibility that Chunyu Fen really did experience these events? Did he think himself to be a man living among the ants or an ant living among humans? Which is reality and which is a dream? These are but a few of the questions which may further fascinate and arouse the curiosity of the reader to analyze and seek for answers which elude man’s capacity to comprehend the unexplained and demand enlightenment in simple terms that he can understand. The Time-Measuring Device The stories use material objects to measure the amount of time that actually passes in the dream. For example, the dream may take the space of time it requires to wash horses, cook a meal, or wake up from drunkenness. In the case of The Governor of the Southern Tributary State, the device used to measure the actual amount of time that passed from the moment Chunyu slept to his eventual awakening was the feeding of the horses and washing of the feet. It was also mentioned that the slanting sun had not yet set in the west and his unfinished wine was still by the east window when he awoke. For The Spendthrift and the Alchemist, the device used was the nine-foot high cauldron in the central hall brewing with drugs before Du slept during sunset. When Du awoke in the dawn, purple flames were already shooting up from it through the roof to the sky. The time-measuring devices employed in these tales indispensably complement the illusion of time and provide a necessary medium by which to ascertain the actual duration of the sleeping and waking cycle. Conclusion In The Spendthrift and the Alchemist, we are given a clear visualization of the fickleness and irresoluteness of man in confronting worldly pleasures and immorality. Illusions of joy and artificial bliss are presented as mere distractions or obstacles to a life of moral ideology and righteousness. The story of The Governor of the Southern Tributary State is an account of a mystical phenomenon but it was written primarily to rebuke the over-ambitious who aspire for materialism and power, even at the expense of morality, as stated by the author in the following: In the eighth month of the eleventh year of the Zhen Yuan period (AD 795), while on a journey from Suzhou to Luoyang I had stopped at Huaipu and met Chunyu by chance. I questioned him and looked at the ant-hills, going into his story very thoroughly. Believing it to be quite genuine, I have written this tale for those who may be interested. Although it deals with supernatural and unorthodox things, it may have a moral for the ambitious. Let future readers not think this narrative a mere series of coincidences, and let them beware of taking pride in worldly fame and position! (69) Contemplating both stories, we find the true substance and significance of detaching ourselves from worldly pleasures and desires, and heeding the call of spirituality. In one of the tales, Du Zichun would have achieved immortality had he been successful in mastering himself and overcoming worldly concerns, even love itself, clearly a pervasive doctrine preached in all religions worldwide where man would have everlasting life in paradise if he is willing to set everything else aside, prioritizing God above all, and following the holy teachings of his Church. The dream and reality tales discussed in this paper were effectively presented using an appropriate style of narrative during its time because: (1) it captures the interest and attention of its readers, not only because it touches on the paranormal, mystical or superstitious nature of the Chinese civilization during that era, but also because (2) it delves on the primal nature or tendency of man in desiring excessive material gain and power, a fact that has, time and again, revealed itself in the annals of human history and is still unquestionably in high supply in this modern day and age. Works Cited Li, Fuyan. â€Å"The Spendthrift and the Alchemist† (â€Å"Du Zichun†). Tang Dynasty Stories. Trans. Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang. Beijing: Chinese Literature P, 1986. 136-43. Li, Gongzuo. â€Å"Governor of the Southern Tributary State† (â€Å"Nanke taishou zhuan†). Tang Dynasty Stories. Trans. Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang. Beijing: Chinese Literature P, 1986. 56-69.

Laboratory by Christopher Carroll

The book â€Å"Lab 257: The Disturbing Story of the Government's Secret Plum Island Germ Laboratory† by Christopher Carroll provides true nature, exact details and thoroughly examined and checked history of Plum Island. It is necessary to outline that findings presented in the book significantly contribute the evidence that government does have many secrets and doesn’t want them to be revealed. Thus the author appears to be a real pioneer revealing shocking facts and true facts about the island and serious diseases. The author is rather persuasive, because he uses logical arguments, conclusions and facts to defend his position. The narrative of the book flows smoothly and follows chronological order. Thus it is apparent that Carroll has succeeded both as pioneer of the problem and as talented writer. (Carroll 2004) The author shows in the book that Plum Island â€Å"on the edge of the largest population center in the United States is a ticking biological time bomb that none of us can safely ignore†. (Carroll 2004) It is necessary to mention that the book bases its evidence on the innumerable number of government documents, in-depth interviews with people and certainly access to Plum Island itself. In the beginning Carroll admits that â€Å"this is an eye-opening, suspenseful account of a federal government germ laboratory gone terribly wrong†. (Carroll 2004) Therefore, the author leads readers through secret world presenting horrifying revelations such as seriously infected workers, outbreaks of viruses, biological meltdowns, etc. The author is really outrageous with the fact that infected workers were refused to be assisted in diagnosis by Plum Island brass. Further, the author proves that the area waters are highly contaminated with periodic flushing of raw sewage. Moreover, Carroll finds associations between the outbreak of deadly West Nile virus in 1999 and Lyme disease in Plum Island. Actually the book is through exploration of the secret world of bacteria, viruses and microbiology. Carroll illustrates how the Department of Agriculture in the USA runs the Plum Island for last fifty years and states that that is â€Å"far more than wholesome grade-A eggs and the food pyramid†. (Carroll 2004) It is necessary to note that author provides new and original overview of the Island stating that is exists in the age of bioterrosism because of improper policy of the Department of Homeland Security. The book is interested in safety and security and thus it calls for action in order to show protest from biological catastrophes for future generations. Actually â€Å"Lab 257† provides new understanding of Plum Island and calls it â€Å"a biological Three Mile Island†. It is known that since 1950 this place is of great interest for researching animal diseases. Plenty of outrageous and disturbing events and news are revealed in the book involving escaped germs and lax security as well as sewage pills. Carroll thinks that some of the found viruses are potent bioterrorist weapons and thus the access to them should be limited. And it is Christopher Carroll who touches this problem for the first time. (Carroll 2004) The author believes that it is his task to reveal the secret and scandal-hidden history of the Plum Islands, because, according to his mind, the nation should be aware of horrors taking place there. Nevertheless, some moments in the book are tangled. The book reveals lots of talks with past and current workers, â€Å"filing Freedom of Information Act applications to get classified material and visiting the island itself six times†.   (Carroll 2004) The history of Plum Island is traced from its very beginning as a research facility for warfare of germs till its becoming a part of the Department of Agriculture. The author involves in the books descriptions of not only mysterious island, but also descriptions of animal diseases, bio-warfare researches, etc. He states that the island has relived the very top of its researches as well as its fall. Nowadays the island is a run-down and dangerous place with â€Å"little in the way of security, even after the events of 9/11 put the island under the watch of the Department of Homeland Security†. (Carroll 2004) US Department of Agriculture has done certain significant work in order to protect livestock of America. For example, the scientists are responsible for creating the first vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease. Carroll states that positive moments can’t exist without negative consequences and thus he says that the Department has done their best to hide the breakdowns of researches.   Thus the successful researches are plagued and since 1970s have been seriously criticized. Despite certain successful discoveries, negative effects are apparent: leaking air filters, escaping sewage, etc. what is more awful is that outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease is caused by lab's herds. It is argued in the book that â€Å"things recently went from bad to worse when many of the jobs were privatized, leading to dangerous cost-cutting†. (Carroll 2004) Further, it is necessary to mention Carroll’s recounting of the Hurricane Bob on the Island. Thus Carroll possibly hints that â€Å"the storm unleashed a doomsday scenario – one that never actually materialized†. (Carroll 2004) However, the thinks that Hurricane has positive impact compared with other outrageous revelations. Carroll assumes that scientists are responsible for setting loose the Lyme disease as well as Nile virus in 1991. Furthermore, they are to blame for new scourges taken place in the United States of America. The evidence in the book is presented by Carroll’s personal observations and investigations. Special attention in the book is paid to Lyme disease. For example, the author hints that â€Å"the Nazis experimented on Lyme disease as a weapon of germ warfare, and that after World War II; one German researcher had some dealings with the founders of Plum Island†. (Carroll 2004) Scientists in the Plum Island are though to have studied tick-borne diseases. Firstly, the disease was revealed in Lyme, Conn, in 1970s. Scientists thought hat it was caused by either deer or birds carried Lyme-infected ticks. Plum Island is situated near the Lyme and thus it is infected as well. However, other evidence suggests that bacteria caused Lyme disease has existed in American forests even before the scientists appeared in Plum Island. Factually, it is indicated that â€Å"these bacteria probably evolved in North America and only later spread to Europe†. (Carroll 2004) However, Michael Carroll mocks at the provided idea of possible Lyme history, but â€Å"the fact is that many diseases have made this sort of crossover into humans†.   He thinks if to disturb the ecosystems, the parasites are sometimes pushed out to make humans their own home. For example, malaria was a serious scourge many years ago, but then the first African farmer made an attempt to clear the forests and to create â€Å"homes† for parasites – he decoded to breed mosquitoes. Further, HIV is chimpanzee viruses which have got into bloodstreams of human in 20th century because of slaughter of chimps for meat. Thus Carroll asserts that the gravest danger nowadays is bioterrorim, because it is able to create many diseases. Bioterrorism involves climate change, globalization and deforestation. Therefore, the author thinks that Plum Island is necessary place, because SARS and anthrax have to be defeated. Thus the lab has to be kept safe and secure. (Carroll 2004) No unturned stone is left in the book â€Å"Lab 257†. The author thoroughly investigates the Plum Island’ history and illustrates workings of the lab. Special attention is paid to operations on Plum Island.   The strength of the book is a variety of information gathered from different sources ranging from interviews with employees to appropriate government agencies. Carroll skillfully assembles all the materials into research being easily readable and remarkable. Carroll is certainly talented researcher and writer and his book is one of the most shocking pieces of non-fiction. The author thinks that media will become interested in his â€Å"chilling expose of a potential catastrophe† and thus government will be forced to take measures to provide sanitary and safe conditions. (Carroll 2004) If government pays no attention to the problem, people will be threatened to become new victims. Summing up the material provided it is necessary to admit that Carroll has managed to meet with many people who have made the Plum Island: researchers, scientists, present and pass employees, animal handlers, etc. Furthermore, people â€Å"of the surrounding areas who never wanted the lab facility there in the first place† are also involved in the book narrative. (Carroll 2004) The author provides strong evidence of serious breaches of protection and security and states that such ignorance may lead to viruses’ releases. The consequences would be apparent: devastation of forests and spreading of diseases. It is known that many workers in the island are ill will diseases which are still unidentified by any doctor. Furthermore, the book is filled with suggestions that â€Å"West Nile Virus and other such diseases were actually introduced to U.S. soil via Plum Island†. (Carroll 2004) Thus mishaps could have been responsible for spreading of anthrax, mad cow disease and Rift Valley fever viruses. Carroll also admits that terrorist could have bee provided with lots of opportunities to easily access the island because of improper security systems. Carroll provides evidence that release of deadly viruses and toxins is caused by mishaps on the island. Thus the author concludes that humans nowadays are not safe at all. (Carroll 2004) References Carroll, Michael C. (2004).Lab 257: The Disturbing Story of the Government's Secret Plum Island Germ Laboratory. New York: William Morrow.   

Manufacturing and Process Essay Example

Manufacturing and Process Essay Example Manufacturing and Process Paper Manufacturing and Process Paper Multiple Choice Questions 1. An organizations process strategy a. will have long-run impact on efficiency and production b. is the same as its transformation strategy c. must meet various constraints, including cost d. is concerned with how resources are transformed into goods and services e. all of the above are true A job shop is an example of a(n) a. repetitive process b. continuous process c. line process d. intermittent process e. specialized process Three types of process strategies are: a. goods, services, and hybrids b. manual, automated, and service c. rocess focus, repetitive focus, and product focus d. modular, continuous, and technological Which of the following industries is likely to have low equipment utilization? a. auto manufacturing b. beer making c. television manufacturing d. hospitals A product focused process is commonly used to produce a. high-volume, high-variety products b. low-volume, high-variety products c. high-volume, low-variety products d. low-variety products at either high- or low-volume Which one of the following products is most likely made in a job shop environment? a. custom furniture b. graphite pencils c. television sets d. igarettes Which of the following products is likely to be assembled on a repetitive process line? a. automobiles b. personal computers c. dishwashers d. television sets e. all of the above An assembly line is an example of a a. product focused process b. customized process c. repetitive process d. specialized process 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1 9. Which of the following transformations generally has the highest equipment utilization? a. process focused process b. repetitive process c. product focused process d. specialized process Which of the following is false regarding repetitive processes? . They use modules. b. They allow easy switching from one product to the other. c. They are the classic assembly lines. d. They have more structure and less flexibility than a job shop layout. e. They include the assembly of basically all automobiles. Mass customization, when done correctly, a. increases pressure on supply-chain performance b. helps eliminate the guesswork that comes with sales forecasting c. drives down inventories d. increases pressure on scheduling e. all of the above Which of the following characteristics best describes process focus? a. low volume, high variety b. inished goods are usually made to order c. processes are designed to perform a wide variety of activities d. all of the above are true Service blueprintin g a. provides the basis to negotiate prices with suppliers b. mimics the way people communicate c. determines the best time for each step in the process d. focuses on the providers interaction with the customer Which of the following characteristics best describes repetitive focus? a. uses modules b. falls between product and process focus c. widely used for the assembly of automobiles d. all of the above A drawing of the movement of material, or people is a a. low diagram b. process chart c. service blueprint d. process map Strategies for improving productivity in services are a. separation, self-service, automation, and scheduling b. lean production, strategy-driven investments, automation, and process focus c. reduce inventory, reduce waste, reduce inspection, and reduce rework d. high interaction, mass customization, service factory, and Just-in-time In mass service and service factory quadrants of the service process matrix, the operations manager could focus on all of the following except a. automation b. standardization c. ight quality control 2 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. d. customization 18. Which of the following is tru e regarding opportunities to improve service processes? a. Automation can do little to improve service processes, because services are so personal. b. Layout is of little consequence, since services seldom use an assembly line. c. If a work force is strongly committed, it need not be cross-trained and flexible. d. All of the above are true. e. None of the above are true. a. b. c. d. 20. Which of the following are typical of process control systems? They have sensors. The digitized data are analyzed by computer, which generates feedback. Their sensors take measurements on a periodic basis. all of the above 19. Which of the following is true regarding vision systems? a. They are consistently accurate. b. They are modest in cost. c. They do not become bored. d. All of the above are true. a. b. c. d. The use of information technology to monitor and control a physical process is known as process control computer-aided design information numeric control numeric control Which of the following statements regarding automated guided vehicles is false? They are used to move workers from one side of the plant to the other. They are used to deliver meals in hospitals and jails. They are an alternative to monorails, conveyors, and robots in automated material handling. They are electronically guided and controlled carts used to move parts and equipment. 21. 22. a. b. c. d. 23. Automatic placement and withdrawal of parts and products into and from designated places in a warehouse describes a. AGV b. CAD/CAM c. CIM d. ASRS Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) includes manufacturing systems that have a. omputer-aided design, a flexible manufacturing system, inventory control, warehousing and shipping integrated b. transaction processing, management information systems, and decision support systems integrated c. automated guided vehicles, robots, and process control d. robots, automated guided vehicles, and transfer equipment Which one of the following technologies is used only for material handling, not actual production or assembly? a. robots b. CNC c. CAD d. AGVs 3 24. 25. 26. A system using an automated work cell controlled by electronic signals from a common centralized computer facility is called a(n) a. daptive control system b. robotics c. flexible manufacturing system (FMS) d. automatic guided vehicle (AGV) system a. b. c. d. Operators simply load new programs, as necessary, to produce different products describes automated guided vehicles flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) vision systems process control Examples of the impact of technology on services include debit cards supermarket scanners electronic hotel key/lock systems all of the above Process reengineering is the fundamental rethinking and adical redesign of business processes tries to bring about dramatic improvements in performance focuses on activities that cross functional lines all of the above 27. 28. a. b. c. d. 29. a. b. c. d. 30. Making environmentally sound products through efficient processes a. is unprofitable, as long as recyclable materials prices are soft b. is known as lean manufacturing c. can still be profitable d. is easier for repetitive processes than for product-focused processes Which of the following is true regarding the concept of flexibility? a. It is the ability to change production rates with little penalty in time, cost, or customer value. . It can be accomplished with sophisticated electronic equipment. c. It may involve modular, movable, even cheap equipment. d. All of the above are true. Flexibility can be achieved with a. moveable equipment b. inexpensive equipment c. sophisticated electronic equipment d. modular equipment e. all of the above 31. 32. 4 Chapter 7: Multiple Choice Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. e d c d c a e c c b e d d d a a 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. d e d d a a d a d c b d d c d e 5

The Watergate Scandal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Watergate Scandal - Essay Example Taken one at a time, each crime may not have been that egregious. However, the gravity of the scandal comes from the sheer number of crimes, the number of people involved, their sweeping impact, and the unbridled willingness to cover-up the crimes at any cost. . While the term Watergate referred specifically to the break-in at the Watergate Hotel, the scandal would ultimately involve a complex tapestry of political corruption, obstruction of justice, illegal domestic spying, abusing public agencies for political purposes, tax fraud, and corruption. The word has worked its way into the popular culture as a descriptive term for anything associated with political corruption such as Iran-gate, Whitewater-gate, and Paula Jones-gate. The case would drag on through numerous investigations, eventually resulting in the jailing or resignation of more than 40 public officials, many of them for the actions taken during the infamous cover-up. The Watergate scandal that broke into the public realm with the news that five men had been arrested while breaking into the Democratic National Headquarters on June 17, 1972 had actually begun much earlier. In September 1971, G.Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt had burglarized the office of a psychiatrist in an effort to obtain the medical files on Daniel Ellsberg, a defense analyst who had released documents to The New York Times that would prove embarrassing to the administration's war effort.1 An additional break-in in May of 1972 had placed an illegal listening device in the headquarters of the Democratic National Party. These operations had been financed by the operation of a secret slush fund consisting of tens of thousands of dollars in illegal campaign contributions. In addition, the administration had used the CIA and FBI to spy on Nixon's political opponents, which illegally used public agencies for political purposes. By the time of the Watergate break-in in June 1972, the Nixon administration had already established a pattern of illegal activity. The report of the break-in at the Watergate Hotel initially dew very little public attention, but within a year would mushroom into a major political scandal. According to the Washington Star News, within two weeks of the 1972 burglary the Philippines sugar industry had funneled $30,000 into the Nixon campaign to help pay for the Watergate cover-up.2 The cover-up would eventually involve scores of White House insiders. Later investigations would reveal the existence of a cash fund kept in a White House vault to be used for hush money and to finance other illegal operations. During the trial of the burglars, Judge John Sirica learned that the men and the money connected to the crime were a part of the Committee to Re-elect the President (CREEP), headed by John Mitchell.3 The defendants in the trial refused to cooperate, but subsequent hearings in the Senate would lead to the highest levels of the government. White House Counsel John Dean would be the lone White House official that wou ld come forward and cooperate with the government's investigations. Dean claimed that Nixon was aware of a secret $300,000 campaign donation by the dairy industry designed to influence the government,

Oppression of Women under Communism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Oppression of Women under Communism - Essay Example It also won various other awards all over the world and performed well in the box office. The film mainly portrays the life experienced in the communist regime of Ceausescu through the eyes of the two girls. In the film, the director uses mise-en-scene and long takes to bring out important changes and problems faced by Otilia and Gabita and thus by association portraying the difficulties women faced during the communist era. Through the use of these elements of cinematography, the oppression of women in various forms is illuminated through nostalgia and passive criticism (Bordwell & Thompson 23). Mise-en-Scene Mise-en scene is term the means â€Å"putting in the scenes†. The term defines the design features of a film production or theatre. Basically, the term describes the presentation of the visual theme both through cinematography, story boarding or the use of virtual art (Bordwell & Thompson 23). In film studies, the term is used to cover all that appears before the camera and the manner in which they are arranged and shown. The key aspects of mise-en-scene include set design, lighting, film stock, space, composition, costumes, makeup and hair styles, acting and finally aspect ratio (Pramaggiore and Wallis 60). Mise-en-scene and theme development 4 months, 3 weeks and 2 days is presumably a film about abortion, however it a study of important skills women required in order to survive in the 1980s in Romania. The script shows a gentle evolution from the protective cocoon of the dorm to a point of painful exposure. In the film, mise-en-scene is used superbly to bring out the main message to the audience. The film does not attack the communist era but however brings out a nostalgic feeling for those who lived during the era and show other viewers an untarnished image of how things were. It is through the use of the various aspects of mise-en-scene that audience is presented with an outsiders look at the plight of women during this era. In the initial set ting, the film employs set design to show ambiance of the dormitory as a place of camaraderie, a protective bubble gifted with most of the things communism had promised to bring about, where material things pose no problem as everyone is willing to share. In the opening sequence of 4 months, 3 weeks and 2 days we are introduced to two roommates preparing for a journey to an unknown destination. The first shot is of a table that has a smoking cigarette, a ticking clock, a bizarre fish bowl with shallow water and two orange fish inside and some papers possibly classroom materials. As the camera moves, we are introduced to the two girls who are preparing to embark in a journey to perform an illegal abortion. In the dormitory, Otilia buys soaps, cigarettes and other items that they may need to use in their journey for the small black market that exist inside (Bordwell & Thompson). The set presents the viewer to a glimpse of the life of the ordinary Romanian during the 1980s. The manner in which these objects are framed by the camera seeks to remind the audience that they are on display. They are mementos from the past and the audience views them with the narrow and prejudicial eye of the present. According to Bordwell and Thompson (34), film setting has the ability to transport the audience to not only the time period the film is set in but also the emotional environment that exist within the film. The set